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The term 'conservative' in American politics primarily refers to a political ideology that favors limited government, individual liberties, free markets, and a strong national defense, alongside traditional social values. Individuals who identify as conservatives often align closely with the Republican Party, which promotes these ideals. The essence of this identity is encapsulated in the belief that preserving established institutions and social norms is crucial for societal stability and progress.

In contrast, other political orientations prioritize different values. For example, liberal policies are characterized by strong advocacy for government intervention in the economy and social programs aimed at redistributing wealth and providing for the needy, which is more aligned with progressive or leftist views. The preference for moderate reforms aligns with centrist or moderate positions that aim for compromise and gradual changes rather than sweeping conservative policies. Emphasis on social programs is typically associated with liberal ideologies that advocate for increased government action to address social issues, contrary to the conservative preference for limited government involvement.