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The establishment of the Federal Court System in the United States is outlined in Article 3 of the Constitution. This article sets forth the framework for the judicial branch of the government, including the creation of one Supreme Court and the authority for Congress to create lower federal courts as necessary. It grants the judicial power of the United States to these courts and defines the jurisdiction of the federal judiciary, establishing the principles of federal law and the role of the courts in interpreting and applying that law.

Other options do not establish the Federal Court System. Article 2 pertains to the executive branch and the President, legislation passed by Congress can create additional courts or modify procedures but does not itself establish the judicial branch, and the Bill of Rights primarily addresses individual rights and liberties rather than the structure of the judiciary. Thus, Article 3 is the key provision concerning the Federal Court System.