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Federal judges are appointed by the President of the United States. This process involves the President selecting candidates, who are then typically evaluated and recommended by the Senate Judiciary Committee. Once the President nominates a candidate, the appointment must be confirmed by the Senate before the judge can officially take office. This system reflects the balance of power established by the Constitution, as the President holds the authority to appoint, while the Senate plays a critical role in the confirmation process.

The other entities mentioned do not have the authority to appoint federal judges. The Senate participates in the confirmation process but does not initiate the appointment. The House of Representatives is not involved in judicial appointments at all. Lastly, the Supreme Court itself does not have the power to appoint federal judges; it only interprets laws and ensures they are applied correctly. This structure underscores the important checks and balances within the federal government.